Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ambidexterity on productivity with regard to the role of intellectual capital in small and medium-sized companies located in industrial parks of Sari. The importance of this issue lies in the key role of ambidexterity and intellectual capital in promoting organizational productivity.

Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. The statistical population included all managers (senior and middle) of small and medium-sized companies in Sari, totaling 749 people. The sampling method was stratified and using the Krejci and Morgan (2001) table, 222 people were selected. The data collection tools included the organizational ambidexterity questionnaires of Johnson et al. (2006), Sharifi Productivity (2011), and Bentis Intellectual Capital (1998). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts in terms of content, and their reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha for the ambidexterity, productivity, and intellectual capital questionnaires as 0.82, 0.84, and 0.84, respectively. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and using LISREL software.

Findings: The results showed that ambidexterity has a significant effect on the productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises. Also, ambidexterity had an effect on intellectual capital, and intellectual capital had an effect on productivity. Positive and significant correlation coefficients were observed between ambidexterity and productivity (0.67), ambidexterity and intellectual capital (0.72), and intellectual capital and productivity (0.75).

Conclusion: Ambidexterity and intellectual capital play an effective role in improving the productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises. Strengthening these two factors can lead to improved organizational performance in industrial environments.